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Common Vision Problems and Causes
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Farsightedness
(Hyperopia)
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Farsightedness
is the ability of the eye to focus on items and tasks
that are farther away, but inability to focus on items
and tasks that are closer to the eye. This condition
occurs when light entering the eyeball through the
cornea does not focus correctly on the back of the
eye. Rather the point where the light should come to a
focus occurs beyond the back of the eyeball. This
occurs because the cornea has too little curvature to
adjust the light, or because the eyeball is shorter
than in those without Hyperopia.
Unlike Nearsightedness (Myopia), Hyperopia is usually
not diagnosed in school-aged children, and standard
vision screening does not often find this
problem.
If you have the symptoms of Hyperopia, like difficulty
keeping focus on tasks that are close to the eye,
headaches after close work or reading, or eye strain
and fatigue after focusing on close projects, see your
eye care professional. Only your eye care professional
can diagnose this or any eye ailment.
Your eye care professional will discuss your options
for vision correction. This may include glasses, or a
contact lens prescription to correct your vision
problems.
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Nearsightedness
(Myopia)
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Nearsightedness
or Myopia occurs in a large percentage of the
population. It is usually diagnosed in school-aged
children when they have difficulty seeing the
chalkboard. Myopia occurs in people with a longer
eyeball than normal, or those with greater curvature
to the cornea of the eye. The light entering the eye
then focuses closer to the front of the eye. This
means that objects and tasks that are farther away may
appear blurred.
There is evidence to support the theory that Myopia is
partially hereditary. There is also some evidence that
Myopia is a stress related condition caused by too
much eye strain and close eye work. Myopia is usually
fully developed and diagnosed by age 20, as the eye
continues to grow and problems become more apparent
throughout childhood.
Only your optometrist can diagnose Myopia. Your
optometrist can prescribe eyeglasses or contact lenses
that will correct Myopia by altering the way light
enters your eye by changing the curvature of the
cornea. Your eyeglasses or contact lenses may be worn
for certain activities, like driving, or may be worn
all the time. Another option for Myopia patients is
orthokeratology, a process that reshapes the cornea
through a series of non-invasive contact lens
therapies.
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Astigmatism
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Astigmatism
occurs when the cornea of the eye is shaped
irregularly, more like a football than a baseball.
Because of this cornea shape, light does not focus
correctly on the back of the eye. Astigmatism can
affect your vision by blurring objects and tasks
placed at all distances. Patients with Astigmatism
often see skewed images. Astigmatism can be
accompanied by Myopia (nearsightedness) or Hyperopia
(farsightedness).
Most people have some degree of Astigmatism, or
deviation in the shape of the cornea. Many people with
Astigmatism believe that they cannot wear contact
lenses. However, most patients can benefit from
properly fitted Toric contact lenses. These lenses are
shaped with more than one power in the lens to correct
the Astigmatism. These lenses are also stabilized on
the eye to prevent the lens from rotating as spherical
lenses do.
Sufferers of slight Astigmatism may also be candidates
for aspherical lenses. These lenses have a slightly
different shape than regular spherical lenses. If you
suspect you have Astigmatism, see your eye care
professional. Only an eye care professional can
diagnose problems associated with vision.
Many people with Astigmatism believe they can't wear
contact lenses, or that only rigid contact lenses can
correct Astigmatism-but this is no longer true. Now
there are soft lens designs, which correct
Astigmatism, and these are called toric contact
lenses. Toric lenses have a special correction built
into them, and may also contain a prescription for
nearsightedness or farsightedness.
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Presbyopia
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Presbyopia is a
condition that occurs as part of the natural aging
process of the eye, where the lens becomes more rigid
and difficult to focus. In patients with Presbyopia,
reading and other tasks become difficult at the
regular distance from the eye. The material may need
to be moved farther away from the eye to be seen
clearly. This condition is usually corrected with
reading or bifocal eyeglasses.
Eyeglasses are not the only way to treat Presbyopia.
Bifocal contact lenses that combine two or strengths
in one lens are also an option. These contact lenses
use approximately half the area of the lens to correct
the Presbyopia, and the top half of the lens can be
used to treat other vision problems like Hyperopia
(farsightedness).
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None of the statements on this site are suggesting, or in preference
to a particular contact lenses, nor must they be considered as medical
advice. The information contained on this site is general in nature
and is not meant to substitute for the advice provided by your contact
lenses physician or other professional. If you are doubt about a health
related condition of any kind, please contact your health care professional
immediately. Please see our service Terms and Conditions
for more information.
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